Skip to main content

Hi Drive Publications

As Hi Drive arrives at its final event in Late November 2025, we've prepared a special page that documents our Publications and Presentations across the project. This page is being updated as we gather them so please do check back over the next week or two.

Hi-Drive Publications

Arabian, A., Goodridge, C. M., & Merat, N. (2025). Asynchrony of directional auditory warnings and visual information in hands-on SAE level 2 automated vehicles: Analysis of driver responses. PloS one, 20(11), e0336941. https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0336941

Azarmi, M., Rezaei, M., Hussain, T. and Qian, C., (2023, May). Local and global contextual features fusion for pedestrian intention prediction. In International Conference on Artificial Intelligence and Smart Vehicles (pp. 1-13). Cham: Springer Nature Switzerland. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-031-43763-2_1

Azarmi, M., Rezaei, M. and Wang, H., (2025). PIP-Net: Pedestrian intention prediction in the wild. IEEE Transactions on Intelligent Transportation Systems. https://doi.org/10.1109/TITS.2025.3570794

Azarmi, M., Rezaei, M. and Wang, H., (2025). Enriched Pedestrian Crossing Prediction Using Carla Synthetic Data. IET Intelligent Transport Systems, 19(1), p.e70104. https://doi.org/10.1049/itr2.70104

Azarmi, M., Rezaei, M. and Wang, H., (2025, June). Pedestrian intention prediction via vision-language foundation models. In 2025 IEEE Intelligent Vehicles Symposium (IV) (pp. 1899-1904). IEEE. https://doi.org/10.1109/IV64158.2025.11097349

Azarmi, M., Rezaei, M., Wang, H., & Arabian, A. (2024). Feature importance in pedestrian intention prediction: A context-aware review. arXiv preprint arXiv:2409.07645. https://doi.org/10.48550/arXiv.2409.07645

Bonyani, M., Rahmanian, M., Jahangard, S., & Rezaei, M. (2023). DIPNet: Driver intention prediction for a safe takeover transition in autonomous vehicles. IET Intelligent Transport Systems, 17(9), 1769-1783. https://doi.org/10.1049/itr2.12370

Carlowitz, S., Madigan, R., Goodridge, C. M., Hilz, J., Marberger, C., Alt, P., ... & Merat, N. (2026). Balancing comfort and efficiency: Optimal deceleration rates at crosswalks and intersections in automated driving. Transportation Research Part F: Traffic Psychology and Behaviour, 116, 103289. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.trf.2025.06.029

Carlowitz, S., Rossner, P., Madigan, R., Bieg, H.J., Marberger, C., Alt, P., Otto, H., Schulz, M., Schultz, A., Kenar, E. and Bullinger, A.C., (2024). User evaluation of comfortable deceleration profiles for highly automated driving: Findings from a test track study. Transportation research part F: traffic psychology and behaviour, 105, pp.206-221. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.trf.2024.05.025

Gonçalves, R. C., Louw, T., Lee, Y. M., Madigan, R., Kuo, J., Lenné, M., & Merat, N. (2023). Is users’ trust during automated driving different when using an ambient light HMI, compared to an auditory HMI?. Information, 14(5), 260. https://doi.org/10.3390/info14050260

Goodridge CM, Gonçalves RC, Reher A, Kuo J, Lenné MG, Merat N (2025) Assessing data imbalance correction methods and gaze entropy for collision prediction. PLoS One 20(11): e0336777

Goodridge, C. M., Goncalves, R. C., Arabian, A., Horrobin, A., Solernou, A., Lee, Y. T., ... & Merat, N. (2024). Gaze entropy metrics for mental workload estimation are heterogenous during hands-off level 2 automation. Accident Analysis & Prevention, 202, 107560.
https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/abs/pii/S0001457524001052

Goodridge, C. M., Gonçalves, R. C., Arabian, A., Horrobin, A., Solernou, A., Lee, Y., … Merat, N. (2025). The Impact of N-back-Induced Mental Workload and Time Budget on Takeover Performance. Accident Analysis & Prevention (in press).
https://osf.io/preprints/psyarxiv/dpe47_v1

Kazemi, M., Rezaei, M. and Azarmi, M., (2025). Evaluating Driver Readiness in Conditionally Automated Vehicles From Eye‐Tracking Data and Head Pose. IET Intelligent Transport Systems, 19(1), p.e70006. https://doi.org/10.1049/itr2.70006

Lee, Y.M., Madigan, R., Wang, Y., Garcia, J., Qin, H., Srinivasan, A., Markkula, G & Merat, N (Journal of Safety Research) Crossing in the Dark: Investigating the Effect of Vehicle Kinematics and eHMI on Older Pedestrians’ Crossing Behaviour in a Virtual Reality Experiment https://osf.io/preprints/psyarxiv/a2m9w?view_only=

Li, Y., Lee, Y.M., Madigan, R., Grunwald, A., Deml, B., Merat, N. (2025). Investigating Driver Responses to Automated Vehicles in a Bottleneck Scenario: The Impact of Lateral Offset and eHMI. Transportation Research Part F, 114, 621-632.
https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S1369847825002244

Lee, Y.M., Madigan, R., Goodridge, C., de Pedro, J., Loecken, A., Rollwagen, A., Yang, Y., Riener, A., Markkula, G., & Merat, N. (2025). Human-like Deceleration: Will the role of external Human-Machine Interface change if the Automated Vehicle yields like a human? https://osf.io/preprints/psyarxiv/zbcpg_v1

Li, Y., Lee, Y.M., Kai, T., Daly, M., Horrobin, A., Crusat, A.S., Merat, N. (2023). Do Drivers have Preconceived Ideas about an Automated Vehicle’s Driving Behaviour? A Driving Simulator Study Focused on Bottleneck Roads. AutomotiveUI'ss Adjunct: Adjunct Proceedings of the 15th International Conference on Automotive User Interfaces and Interactive Vehicular Applications.
https://dl.acm.org/doi/10.1145/3580585.3607155

Nordhoff, S., Calvert, S., Hagenzieker, M., Lehtonen, E., Lee, Y.M., & Merat, N. (2025). User acceptance of AI in transport: The case of SAE Level 3 conditionally automated vehicles. Transportation Research Part F, 116, 103359. https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S1369847825003146

Nordhoff, S., Hagenzieker, M., Lee, Y.M., Wilbrink, M., Merat, N., Oehl, M (2025). “It’s just another car driving” Perceptions of Californian residents interacting with driverless automated vehicles on public roads. Transportation Research Part F, Volume 111, May 2025, Pages 188-210.
https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S1369847825000245

Öztürk, İ., Lehtonen, E., Madigan, R., Lee, Y. M., Aittoniemi, E., & Merat, N. (2026). Decoding acceptance of driver monitoring systems: Evaluating alternative measurement models, cross-country variations, and behavioural intention. Transportation Research Part F: Traffic Psychology and Behaviour, 116, 103384. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.trf.2025.103384

Öztürk, İ., Lehtonen, E., Madigan, R., Lee, Y. M., Aittoniemi, E., & Merat, N. (2025). Cross-country differences in willingness to use conditionally automated driving systems: Impact of technology affinity, driving skills, and perceived traffic climate. Technology in Society, 82, 102903. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.techsoc.2025.102903

Öztürk, İ., Madigan, R., Lee, Y. M., Aittoniemi, E., Lehtonen, E., & Merat, N. (2025). Using a traffic climate scale to understand drivers’ perceptions of their traffic system: An examination of measurement invariance across eight countries. Transportation Research Part F: Traffic Psychology and Behaviour, 109, 1150-1169. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.trf.2025.01.030

Peng, C., Horn, S., Madigan, R., Marberger, C., Lee, J., Krems, J., Beggiato, M., Romano, R., Wei, C., Wooldridge, E., Hagenzieker, M., & Merat, N. (2024). Conceptualising user comfort in automated driving: Findings from an expert group workshop. Transportation Research Interdisciplinary Perspectives. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.trip.2024.101070

Peng, C., Öztürk, İ., Nordhoff, S., Madigan, R., Hoogendoorn-Lanser, S., Hagenzieker, M., & Merat, N. (PrePrint) Passenger comfort in automated vehicles on roads: Insights from younger and older adults. https://doi.org/10.13140/RG.2.2.21680.67844

Peng, C., Carlowitz, S., Madigan, R., Schulz, M., Osswalt, S., Schultz, A., & Merat, N. (PrePrint) Optimal Lateral Acceleration for Different Levels of Automated Driving: A Test Track Study of Passenger Evaluation for Curve Negotiation. https://doi.org/10.31234/osf.io/kcw2d_v1

Rezaei, M., Azarmi, M. and Mir, F.M.P., 2023. 3d-net: Monocular 3d object recognition for traffic monitoring. Expert Systems with Applications, 227, p.120253. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.eswa.2023.120253

Rezaei, M. and Azarmi, M., 2025, June. Driver-Net: Multi-Camera Fusion for Assessing Driver Take-Over Readiness in Automated Vehicles. In 2025 IEEE Intelligent Vehicles Symposium (IV) (pp. 1841-1848). IEEE. https://doi.org/10.1109/IV64158.2025.11097677

Shahedi, A., Dadashpour, I., & Rezaei, M. (2023). Barriers to the sustainable adoption of autonomous vehicles in developing countries: A multi-criteria decision-making approach. Heliyon, 9(5). https://doi.org/10.1016/j.heliyon.2023.e15975

Conference papers

Arabian, A., Goodridge, C. M., & Merat, N. (2024, October). Asynchrony of Directional Auditory Warnings and Visual Information in Driving: Analysis of Eye Movement Patterns and Driver Responses. In THE 9TH INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE ON DRIVER DISTRACTION AND INATTENTION (p. 15).

Arabian, A., Goodridge, C., & Merat, N. (2025, July 9). Speech-based versus nonspeech-based warnings: Effects of message directionality during transitions from level 2 driving system. International Conference on Traffic and Transportation Psychology, Curitiba, Brazil.

Horn, S. E., Madigan, R., Schulz, M., Schultz, A., Alt, P., & Merat, N. (2024, September). Smooth Rides Ahead: Integrating Chauffeur Driving Styles into HAVs. In Adjunct Proceedings of the 16th International Conference on Automotive User Interfaces and Interactive Vehicular Applications (pp. 289-291). https://doi.org/10.1145/3641308.3680511

Fadel da Costa, A., Lehtonen, E., Aittoniemi, E., Madigan, R., Öztürk, İ., & Merat, N. (Accepted/In press). Working Hours and Automated Driving: Effects on Acceptance and Purchase Decisions [Oral presentation]. Abstract from Humanist Virtual Centre of Excellence Conference 2025, Chemnitz, Germany.

Gonçalves, R. C., Goodridge, C. M., Pardo, J., Reher, A., Kuo, J., Bruneau, A., & Merat, N. (2025, September). What makes a ready driver? A deep dive into the measurement and validation of readiness estimation for driver monitoring systems of partially automated (SAE level 2) vehicles. In Adjunct Proceedings of the 17th International Conference on Automotive User Interfaces and Interactive Vehicular Applications (pp. 318-321). https://doi.org/10.1145/3744335.3749136

Goodridge, C. M., Gonçalves, R. C., & Öztürk, İ. (2023, September). What do we mean by cognitive load? Towards more accurate definition of the term for better identification by driver monitoring systems. In Adjunct Proceedings of the 15th International Conference on Automotive User Interfaces and Interactive Vehicular Applications (pp. 256-259). https://doi.org/10.1145/3581961.3609839

Öztürk, İ., Madigan, R., Lee, Y. M., Lehtonen, E., Aittoniemi, E., & Merat, N. (2025). Behind the wheel and under observation: A cross-cultural examination of concerns over driver monitoring systems [Oral presentation]. Road Safety on Five Continents. Leeds, United Kingdom.

Öztürk, İ., Madigan, R., Merat, N. (2025). An investigation of how drivers’ knowledge and use of advanced driver assistance systems (ADAS) varies between countries [Oral presentation]. National Road Safety Conference. Wyboston Lakes, United Kingdom.

Öztürk, İ., Lehtonen, E., Madigan, R., Lee, Y. M., Aittoniemi, E., & Merat, N. (2025). Comparison of measurement models for acceptance of the driver monitoring systems (DMS) [Oral presentation]. International Cooperation on Theories and Concepts in Traffic safety. Berlin, Germany.

Peng, C., Bazilinskyy, P., Yu, Y., and Merat, N. (2025). Measuring Passengers’ Comfort and Perceived Safety in Automated Driving: Good Practices, Challenges, and Opportunities. In 17th International Conference on Automotive User Interfaces and Interactive Vehicular Applications (AutomotiveUI Adjunct ’25), September 21–25, 2025, Brisbane, QLD, Australia.
https://dl.acm.org/doi/10.1145/3744335.3749142

Peng, C., Öztürk, İ., Madigan, R., Nordhoff, S., Hoogendoorn-Lanser, S., Hagenzieker, M., & Merat, N (2025). Older passengers’ expectations about highly automated driving: Implications for inclusive designs. In 17th International Conference on Automotive User Interfaces and Interactive Vehicular Applications (AutomotiveUI Adjunct ’25), September 21–25, 2025, Brisbane, QLD, Australia.
https://dl.acm.org/doi/10.1145/3744335.3758501

Peng, C., Öztürk, İ., Nordhoff, S., Madigan, R., Hoogendoorn-Lanser, S., Hagenzieker, M., & Merat, N. (2023). Exploring user comfort in automated driving: A qualitative study with younger and older users using the Wizard-Of-Oz method. 15th International Conference on Automotive User Interfaces and Interactive Vehicular Applications (AutomotiveUI ’23 Adjunct), Ingolstadt, Germany
https://dl.acm.org/doi/10.1145/3581961.3609853

Qin, H., Gonçalves, R. C., Goodridge, C. M., & Merat, N. (2025, September). Drivers’ Attention to Dash-Based Human-Machine Interfaces: The Effect of Partial Automation and Cognitive Load. In Proceedings of the 17th International Conference on Automotive User Interfaces and Interactive Vehicular Applications (pp. 198-207).
https://dl.acm.org/doi/10.1145/3744333.3747829

Qin, H., Merat, N., & Gonçalves, R. C. (2024, October). The influence of cognitive load on driver performance in automated driving contexts: a scoping review in progress. In THE 9TH INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE ON DRIVER DISTRACTION AND INATTENTION (p. 200).
https://ddi2024.org/wp-content/uploads/2024/11/DDI2024-ABSTRACTS-.pdf (PDF)